This amendment announces a new proposal opportunity in Appendix D.9 entitled "Kepler Guest Observer - Cycle 1." This program element solicits proposals for the acquisition and analysis of new scientific data from the Kepler mission, which will be the tenth mission to be launched under NASA's Discovery Program. Observations associated with the Kepler Guest Observer -- Cycle 1 solicitation will begin immediately following the successful scientific commissioning of the spacecraft. During its 3.5-year prime mission, Kepler will continuously monitor a ~100 square degree field-of-view (FOV) in the Cygnus region, with the objective of photometrically detecting transits of Earth-size planets in the habitable zone. The instrument's high-precision photometry capability, with two available cadence modes (1 minute and 30-minute) is also sufficient for asteroseismology research and other variability analyses of both Galactic and extragalactic sources.

Continue reading "ROSES-08 Amendment 18: New proposal opportunity for Kepler Guest Observer - Cycle 1" »

Posted by Keith Cowing at 5:01 PM | Permalink | Comments (0)

Presenter: Giovanna Tinetti, University College, London

Date/Time: June 2, 2008 11:00 AM Pacific

Abstract: In the past decade, over 280 planets orbiting other stars (extrasolar planets) have been discovered. For a growing sample of giant extrasolar planets orbiting very close to their parent star (hot-Jupiters), we can already probe their atmospheric constituents using transit techniques. With this method, we can indirectly observe the thin atmospheric ring surrounding the optically thick disc of the planet -the limb- while the planet is transiting in front of its parent star. This method was traditionally used to probe the atmospheres of planets in our Solar System and most recently, thanks to the Hubble and Spitzer Space Telescopes, was successfully applied to exoplanets.

Continue reading "NAI Director's Seminar: "Observing Extrasolar Worlds: From Gas Giant to Terrestrial Planets"" »

Posted by Keith Cowing at 10:39 AM | Permalink | Comments (0)

Former NAI Postdoctoral Fellow Giovanna Tinetti is co-author on a groundbreaking paper in Nature detailing the observation of methane and water vapor in the atmosphere of the extrasolar planet HD 189733b. The team used the NASA Hubble Space Telescope to observe the transiting exoplanet, using the NICMOS camera to obtain a spectrophotometric time series. This result is a milestone in the search for life elsewhere in the Universe, most importantly because it demonstrates that we have the technology to identify these molecules in exoplanet atmospheres.

[Source: NAI newsletter]

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July 21-25, 2008, St Andrews, Scotland

The Cool Stars meetings have a long tradition of presenting cutting edge science in the fields of cool stars, exoplanets and solar physics. Topics of interest at Cool Stars 15 will include seismology, surface and atmospheric dynamics, angular momentum evolution, dust formation, coronae, magnetospheres and winds. The conference aims to gather scientists working in all these fields in order to stimulate cross-disciplinary exchange. The NAI is sponsoring 9 speakers at this meeting.

For a preliminary program and registration see: http://star-www.st-and.ac.uk/coolstars15/

The deadline for contributed talks is May 2, 2008. [Source: NAI newsletter]

Posted by Keith Cowing at 8:30 PM | Permalink | Comments (0)

January 30th: "The New Worlds Observer: A Mission to Open Up Detailed Study of Planetary Systems"

NAI will be broadcasting this virtual seminar over the web at 2pm MST on Wednesday, January 30th. Webster Cash from UC Boulder will present. Please contact Marco Boldt for information on how to join. Marco.S.Boldt@nasa.gov

Continue reading "University of Colorado Virtual Seminar" »

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Join us for the next NAI Director's Seminar on Monday, February 4th at 11am PST. The seminar, "The Effect of Protoplanetary Disk Dispersal on Planet Formation," will be given by David Hollenbach of NASA Ames Research Center. For information on how to join the seminar, go to: http://nai.arc.nasa.gov/seminars/seminar_detail.cfm?ID=117.

Continue reading "NAI Director's Seminar: The Effect of Protoplanetary Disk Dispersal on Planet Formation" »

Posted by Keith Cowing at 1:37 PM | Permalink | Comments (0)

In April, a European team of astronomers announced in Astronomy & Astrophysics the discovery of two possibly habitable Earth-like planets. A&A is now publishing two independent, detailed studies of this system, which confirm that one of the planets might indeed be located within the habitable zone around the star Gliese 581.

Full story

Posted by Keith Cowing at 1:07 PM | Permalink | Comments (0)

Researchers from NAI's University of Hawai'i Team have a new paper in The Astronomical Journal describing a major survey of visual binaries toward the Orion Nebula Cluster. The team used images obtained with the Advanced Camera for Surveys on the Hubble Space Telescope through an H filter. Among 781 stars that fulfill the criteria for membership in the Orion Nebula Cluster, the group found 78 multiple systems (75 binaries and 3 triples), of which 55 are new discoveries.

[source: NAI Newsletter]

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Speaker: Geoff Marcy (University of California, Berkeley)
Date/Time: Monday, December 3, 2007 11:00 AM PST

The measured masses and orbits of the 200 secure exoplanets within 200 parsecs reveal the processes of formation and subsequent dynamics. (One parsec is the distance at which one astronomical unit subtends an angle of 1 second of arc.) Several planets reveal information on their cores and interiors. Multiple-planet systems, especially those in resonances, inform us about migration, scattering, and capture. Planets from 5-14 Earth masses are now detectable, and several have been found. The Kepler Mission and a new 2.4-m "Automated Planet Finder" telescope at Lick Observatory portend the detection of rocky planets.

For more information and connection information: http://nai.arc.nasa.gov/seminars/seminar_detail.cfm?ID=114

[Source: NAI Newsletter]

Posted by Keith Cowing at 8:51 PM | Permalink | Comments (0)

In Science, astrobiologists from NAI's University of Hawai'i Team review the prospects for discovering smaller planets more like Earth, some of which may even have conditions suitable for life. Improved techniques and the ability to monitor fainter stars now enable astronomers to discover smaller planets, particularly planets orbiting much closer to their host star than the Earth is to the Sun. This review article is based on an NAI-supported session at the May, 2007 meeting of the American Astronomical Society. [Source: NAI Newsletter]

Posted by Keith Cowing at 12:02 PM | Permalink | Comments (0)

NAI Postdoctoral Fellow Elise Furlan from NAI's UCLA Team is co-author on a new paper in Nature reporting the development of a protoplanetary disk. Using NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope, observations were made of water vapor within the emerging system's natal cloud. Lead author Dan Watson of the University of Rochester said, "For the first time, we are seeing water being delivered to the region where planets will most likely form."

Source: NAI Newsletter

Posted by Keith Cowing at 7:44 AM | Permalink | Comments (0)

An international team of researchers, including members of NASA Astrobiology Institute's (NAI) Virtual Planetary Laboratory team used NASA's Spitzer Space telescope to detect the presence of water vapor on the hot Jupiter Henry Draper (HD) Catalog 189733b. (The "b" after the number indicates that the reference is to a planet circling the star with that number.)

This is significant because several attempts to detect water on such planets either failed to find compelling evidence or made it clear that their claims should not be taken as fact. An article about this study was published recently in Nature magazine. The study's primary author, Giovanna Tinetti was a 2003 NAI Postdoctoral Fellow.

Posted by Keith Cowing at 11:03 AM | Permalink | Comments (0)

An international team of researchers including members of NAI's Virtual Planetary Laboratory Team have, using NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope, detected the presence of water vapor on the hot jupiter HD 189733b. Published in Nature, the study's primary author, Giovanna Tinetti, was a 2003 NAI Postdoctoral Fellow. [Source: NAI Newsletter]

Posted by Keith Cowing at 12:15 PM | Permalink | Comments (0)

A Habitable Earth, Systemic: "There remain three blockbuster, front-page discoveries in exoplanetary science. The first is the identification of a potentially habitable Earth-mass planet around another star. The second is the detection of a life-bearing planet. The third is contact with extraterrestrial intelligence. It’s hard to predict when (and in which order) discoveries #2 and #3 will take place. Discovery #1, on the other hand, is imminent. We’re currently 2±1 years away from the detection of the first habitable Earth-mass planet (which implies ~15% chance that the announcement will come within one year). The breakthrough detection of a habitable Earth will almost certainly stem from high-precision Doppler monitoring of a nearby red dwarf star, and already, both the Swiss team and the California-Carnegie team are coming tantalizingly close"

Posted by Keith Cowing at 1:01 PM | Permalink | Comments (0)

Astronomers find first habitable Earth-like planet, ESO

"Astronomers have discovered the most Earth-like planet outside our Solar System to date, an exoplanet with a radius only 50% larger than the Earth and capable of having liquid water. Using the ESO 3.6-m telescope, a team of Swiss, French and Portuguese scientists discovered a super-Earth about 5 times the mass of the Earth that orbits a red dwarf, already known to harbour a Neptune-mass planet. The astronomers have also strong evidence for the presence of a third planet with a mass about 8 Earth masses."

Posted by Keith Cowing at 10:49 PM | Permalink | Comments (0)

Members of NAI's Virtual Planetary Laboratory Alumni Team and their colleagues have a new paper in the current issue of Astrobiology. They present a critical discussion of M star properties that are relevant for the long- and short-term thermal, dynamical, geological, and environmental stability of conventional liquid water habitable zone (HZ) M star planets. [Source: NAI Newsletter]

Posted by Keith Cowing at 10:56 PM | Permalink | Comments (0)

Multidisciplinary work from members of NAI's SETI Institute Team and a host of collaborators across the NAI re-examines what is known at present about the potential for a terrestrial planet forming within, or migrating into, the classic liquid–surface–water habitable zone close to an M dwarf star. Their new paper, published in the current issue of Astrobiology, presents the summary conclusions of an interdisciplinary workshop sponsored by NAI and convened at the SETI Institute in 2005. [Source: NAI Newsletter]

Posted by Keith Cowing at 10:58 PM | Permalink | Comments (0)

Differently colored plants may live on extra-solar planets, according to two new papers in the current issue of Astrobiology authored by members of NAI's Virtual Planetary Laboratory Alumni Team and their colleagues. They took previously simulated planetary atmospheric compositions for Earth-like planets orbiting various star types (including M stars), generated spectra, and found that photosynthetic pigments may peak in absorbance in the blue for some star types, and red-orange and near-infrared for others. Their results also suggest that, under water, organisms would still be able to survive ultraviolet flares from young M stars and acquire adequate light for growth - which greatly increases the scope for habitability in these systems. [Source: NAI Newsletter]

Posted by Keith Cowing at 10:57 PM | Permalink | Comments (0)

NAI Postdoctoral Fellow Sean Raymond leads a team of authors from NAI's University of Colorado, Boulder, and University of Arizona Teams, and Virtual Planetary Laboratory and University of Washington Alumni Teams in a new publication in Astrobiology. They present analysis of water delivery and planetary habitability in 5 high-resolution simulations forming 15 terrestrial planets. Their results outline a new model for water delivery to terrestrial planets in dynamically calm systems, which may be very common in the Galaxy. [Source: NAI Newsletter]

Posted by Keith Cowing at 10:56 PM | Permalink | Comments (0)

Search for Habitable Planets Outside Earth's Solar System in Astrobiology

"Which planets outside of Earth's Solar System are most likely to be capable of supporting life is a question that will be the focus of both a NASA-sponsored workshop later this year and a special collection of papers in the Spring 2007 (Volume 7, Number 1) issue of Astrobiology, a peer-reviewed journal published by Mary Ann Liebert, Inc."

Posted by Keith Cowing at 1:48 PM | Permalink | Comments (0)

Special session at the 210th Meeting of the American Astronomical Society in Honolulu, Hawaii
Thursday May 31 (Morning) Convenors: Nader Haghighipour and Eric Gaidos (University of Hawaii NAI Lead Team)

Continue reading "Hot Earths: Formation, Detection and Structure" »

Posted by Keith Cowing at 8:29 PM | Permalink | Comments (0)

Speaker: Drake Deming (Planetary Systems Laboratory & Goddard Center for Astrobiology, Goddard Space Flight Center) Date/Time: Monday, March 26, 2007 11AM PDT

Abstract: Two independent scientific groups have recently reported the first spectroscopy of planets orbiting other stars, using the Spitzer Space Telescope.

Continue reading "NAI Director's Seminar 3/26: "Infrared Spectra of Extrasolar Planets"" »

Posted by Keith Cowing at 8:23 PM | Permalink | Comments (0)

Intended for graduate students and postdoctoral researchers, the 2007 Michelson Summer Workshop: "Planetary Transits: Detection to Characterization," will take place at the NASA Ames Conference Center, Moffett Field, CA July 23 - 27. The workshop will consist of a series of tutorial and scientific lectures covering techniques related to transits and extra-solar planet finding. More information, along with a preliminary agenda can be found on the workshop website: http://msc.caltech.edu/workshop/2007/ [source: NAI Newsletter]

Posted by Keith Cowing at 12:35 AM | Permalink | Comments (0)

Researchers from NAI's Carnegie Institution of Washington and NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Teams have a new paper in Nature describing the infrared spectrum of exoplanet HD 209458b as obtained by the NASA Spitzer Space Telescope. Scientists from NAI's University of Arizona and Alumni Virtual Planetary Laboratory Teams are contributing authors on a similar paper in Astrophysical Journal Letters which details the spectrum of exoplanet HD 189733b.

Continue reading "Spectra of Two Extrasolar Planets" »

Posted by Keith Cowing at 12:30 AM | Permalink | Comments (0)

An international team of researchers including NAI Postdoctoral Fellow Evgenya Shkolnik of the University of Hawai'i Team publish their observation in this month's Royal Astronomical Society Letters of a magnetic field at the surface of star Tau Bootis, which is orbited by a giant planet every three days. The magnetic field's intensity is similar to that of the Sun, but the star and the planet are tidally locked, possibly producing the observed magnetic knots. [Source: NAI Newsletter]

Posted by Keith Cowing at 12:37 AM | Permalink | Comments (0)

Speakers: Sean Raymond (University of Colorado) and Avi Mandell (Goddard Space Flight Center) Date/Time: Monday, November 27, 2006 11AM PST

Continue reading "NAI Director's Seminar 11/27: Formation of Habitable Planetary Systems: Are We Normal?" »

Posted by Keith Cowing at 9:49 PM | Permalink | Comments (0)

Exotic Earths: Forming Habitable Worlds with Giant Planet Migration, Science

Earth-like Planets May Be More Common Than Once Thought, University of Colorado at Boulder

"More than one-third of the giant planet systems recently detected outside Earth's solar system may harbor Earth-like planets, many covered in deep oceans with potential for life, according to a new study."

Posted by Keith Cowing at 10:40 PM | Permalink | Comments (0)

NAI's Virtual Planetary Laboratory Team have explored the possibility of detecting exovegetation on terrestrial planets orbiting M stars. They estimated the red-shift of this surface feature using leaf optical property spectra with a three photon photosynthetic scheme. The authors have produced a model wherein a pigment-derived surface signature such as exovegetation could be detected, but would be dependent upon the extent of the vegetation on the surface, cloud cover, and viewing angle.

Continue reading "Exovegetation" »

Posted by Keith Cowing at 12:18 AM | Permalink | Comments (0)

The third Pale Blue Dot workshop will be held at the Adler Planetarium & Astronomy Museum in Chicago from 17-20 September, 2006. (The first two Pale Blue Dot workshops were held at NASA Ames Research Center in 1996 and 1999.) Many NAI members are on the program organizing committee, including the Chair Vikki Meadows, and NAI is a co-convenor of the meeting along with Adler.

Continue reading "Pale Blue Dot III Registration Now Open" »

Posted by Keith Cowing at 12:15 AM | Permalink | Comments (0)

NASA FUSE Mission Briefing: Carbon-rich gas around a young star that may be forming terrestrial planets

"NASA will host a media teleconference at 1 p.m. EDT Wednesday, June 7, about the discovery of carbon-rich gas around a young star that may be forming terrestrial planets. The discovery was made with NASA's Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer spacecraft and will be featured in the June 8 issue of Nature."

Continue reading "Preview of This Week's Space Science Announcement" »

Posted by Keith Cowing at 12:46 AM | Permalink | Comments (0)

The Adler Planetarium & Astronomy Museum and the NAI (http://nai.arc.nasa.gov/) are co-convening the third Pale Blue Dot workshop, which is made possible by the Brinson Foundation. Pale Blue Dot III will provide a venue to forge links between terrestrial and astronomical biosignatures, and to develop ideas and methods that may be used for the detection of life beyond Earth. Pale Blue Dot III will also establish a two way dialogue between scientists and media that will facilitate lasting relationships, better media coverage of science, and enhanced public awareness and understanding of science.

Continue reading "Pale Blue Dot III Searching for Life on Distant Worlds (Terrestrial to Astronomical Biosignatures)" »

Posted by Keith Cowing at 5:32 PM | Permalink | Comments (0)