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May 30, 2007

2007 International Summer School in Astrobiology

NAI is offering ten full-funded scholarships for students who wish to attend the 2007 International Summer School in Astrobiology, Santander, Spain, July 2-6. The topic for this year's school is "Mars Exploration: The next ten years." The summer schools are co-sponsored by the Spanish Centro de Astrobiologia and the NASA Astrobiology Institute. The application deadline is May 31. For more information, please see: http://nai.nasa.gov/UIMP/MarsExpl [Source: NAI Newsletter]

NASA Astrobiology Institute Field Workshop "Biosignatures in Ancient Rocks (BAR)"

A NASA Astrobiology Institute Field Workshop "Biosignatures in Ancient Rocks (BAR)" will be held during September 18-28 in Ontario, Canada. See the details at http://psarc.geosc.psu.edu/RESEARCH/New_Conference/Ontario_new.htm [Source: NAI Newsletter]

NASA Explorer Program Announcement of Opportunity

NASA's Science Mission Directorate (SMD) plans to release an Announcement of Opportunity (AO) for new Small Explorer (SMEX) missions and Missions of Opportunity in October of this year. The Explorer Program conducts Principal Investigator (PI)-led space science investigations in SMD's astrophysics and heliophysics programs. It is anticipated that approximately six to eight full-mission SMEX investigations will be selected for 4-month Phase A concept studies through this AO.

Release of draft AO (target) - June 2007. Release of final AO (target) - October 2007. Pre-proposal conference - 3 weeks after AO release. Proposals due - 90 days after AO release. Selection for competitive Phase A studies (target) - 4 months after proposals due.

Further information will be posted at http://explorers.larc.nasa.gov/smexacq.html as it becomes available. Questions may be addressed to Dr. Hashima Hasan, Explorer Program Scientist, Science Mission Directorate, NASA, Washington, DC 20546; Tel.: (202) 358-0692; Email: hhasan@hq.nasa.gov. [Source: NAI Newsletter]

May 29, 2007

Astrobiology News 29 May 2007

  • The habitability of super-Earths in Gliese 581, arXiv.org
  • SIM PlanetQuest Key Project Precursor Observations to Detect Gas Giant Planets Around Young Stars, arXiv.org
  • 28 new planets, 7 new brown dwarfs reported by California, Carnegie team, University of California Berkeley
  • Student Opportunity to take part in Arctic Mars Analog Svalbard Expedition (AMASE) 2007, European Space Agency
  • May 28, 2007

    NAI Announces Two MIRS Sabbatical Awards

    The NAI Minority Institution Research Support (MIRS) Program is pleased to announce the selection of two faculty sabbatical research awards to Abel Mendez, from the University of Puerto Rico, Arecibo, and to Don Walter from South Carolina State University. The NAI-MIRS program, which is funded by the NAI, provides opportunities for researchers, from qualified minority serving institutions, to initiate joint partnerships with researchers in the field of astrobiology.

    Abel Mendez will continue the development of a field instrument designed to model microbial growth in the dynamic temperatures of natural environments. Working with Chris McKay, at the NASA Ames Research Center, Mendez will measure growth rates of soil microbes in temperate and tropical climates. Mendez is a biophysicist and Assistant Professor of Physics in the Department of Physics and Chemistry at the University of Puerto Rico at Arecibo, a Hispanic Serving Institution. Mendez's work focuses on defining quantitative ways to measure planetary habitability. He presented a poster last year at AbSciCon 2006 on planetary habitability and will also present a poster this summer at Bioastronomy 2007.

    Don Walter will work with Mike Mumma and Michael DiSanti, at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. Walter is an astronomer who holds the rank of Professor of Physics at SCSU, a Historically Black College/University (HBCU) located in Orangeburg, South Carolina. Walter's work this summer will include optical studies of emission lines from comets and will lead to the development of a program of sustainable cometary research at SCSU in partnership with GCA. [Source: NAI Newsletter]

    NAI Announces Selection of New Teams

    The NASA Astrobiology Institute is pleased to announce the selection of four new research teams to join the twelve current teams comprising the Institute. The new teams will be led from Montana State University in Bozeman, the University of Wisconsin in Madison, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, and the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena.

    The research of these teams spans the breadth of astrobiology and complements the work of NAI's existing teams, and includes research on the role of iron-sulfur compounds in the abiotic/biological boundary, the study of mineralogical and isotopic measurements as biosignatures, the emergence of multicellularity on Earth, and techniques to inform strategies for extrasolar terrestrial planet characterization.

    The selections were announced through a joint press release from NASA ARC and HQ on May 9th. Please join in welcoming our new members! http://nai.nasa.gov/about/can4selections.cfm

    [Source: NAI Newsletter]

    May 27, 2007

    Recently Published Research from the NAI

    The following new papers have been published recently by NAI members. These and other recent NAI funded research are presented on the NAI member portal and collected in the NAI Research Highlights Archive - http://nai.arc.nasa.gov/research/. In this archive, you can link to the papers and any press materials that may have been generated about them.

    If you have an upcoming or recent publication, please tell us about it as soon as possible. We will work with your institution to produce press releases, publicize the paper on the NAI website, and pre-populate your team's annual report with your publication. Please send any information to Daniella Scalice dscalice@mail.arc.nasa.gov [Source: NAI Newsletter]

    NASA Primordial Polarization Program Definition Team - Representatives Needed

    NASA is seeking representatives of the astronomical community to serve on the Primordial Polarization Program Definition Team (PPPDT). Members of the PPPDT will work in collaboration with NASA Headquarters and the astronomical community to provide input for a space-based Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) polarization mission. The PPPDT will help provide technical input from the astronomy community on questions relating to the science mission and technology developments required for this investigation and will help disseminate information about such a mission to the community. Astronomers from the U.S. and other countries are eligible for membership.

    Interested applicants should respond with a short (approximately 2 page) letter and brief (approximately 1 page) curriculum vitae. This letter should provide a brief outline of experience the applicant would bring to the PPPDT and should identify aspects of the mission of particular interest to the applicant. To receive full consideration, responses must be received at NASA Headquarters by May 24, 2007. Applications may be e-mailed to Eric.P.Smith@nasa.gov. For further information may be obtained by contacting the NASA Infrared/Submillimeter Discipline Scientist, Eric Smith by email or phone (202)-358-2439. [Source: NAI Newsletter]

    May 26, 2007

    NAI Scientists Receive High Honors

    Tullis Onstott of NAI's Indiana-Princeton-Tennessee team was recently named to this year's "Time 100," an annual list of "the 100 men and women whose power, talent or moral example is transforming the world," according to list-maker Time magazine. Onstott, a professor of geomicrobiology in the Department of Geosciences at Princeton University, investigates the physical and chemical limitations on subsurface Earth life, toward developing subsurface life detection strategies for Mars.

    http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/time100/article/0,28804,1595326_1595329_1615985,00.html
    Additionally, Don Canfield of the NAI NASA Ames Research Center team was elected last week to the National Academy of Sciences. Canfield is professor of ecology with the Institute of Biology and director of the Nordic Center for Earth Evolution at the University of Southern Denmark in Odense. His work focuses on biosignatures in chemosynthetic and photosynthetic systems.

    http://www8.nationalacademies.org/onpinews/newsitem.aspx?RecordID=05012007

    Please join in congratulating our members for their distinguished honors! [Source: NAI Newsletter]

    May 25, 2007

    Ancient Organism Verified as Fungus

    NAI scientists from the Carnegie Institution of Washington Team and their colleagues have a new paper in Geology outlining their process in resolving the mysterious identity of the Devonian fossil organism Prototaxities as a fungus. The team analyzed carbon isotopic ratios of the fossil relative to plants that lived in the same environment 400 million years ago. [Source: NAI Newsletter]

    May 24, 2007

    Astrobiology News 24 May 2007

  • Terrestrial Planet Formation in Binary Star Systems, arXiv.org
  • The Minimum Gap-opening Planet Mass in an Irradiated Circumstellar Accretion Disk, arXiv.org
  • On the Formation and Dynamical Evolution of Planets in Binaries, arXiv.org
  • Seminar

    UW Seminar: Four Billion Years of Climate Change (Lessons from the Precambrian): From Oxygen Poisoning to Snowballs & True Polar Wander Presenter: Joe Kirschvink

    Date/Time: 5/29/2007 02:30 PM PDT

    Despite a nearly 30% increase in Solar luminosity over the past 4.5 billion years, the geological record of glaciation appears to have increased, not decreased, over geological time. Investigations indicate that two of the three major Precambrian glacial intervals were exceptionally intense, with solid evidence for widespread glaciers flowing into the oceans on or near the Equator, well within the ice-albedo runaway's "Snowball Earth" zone. These glacial events are also associated with large perturbations in global geochemical cycles, which are reflected particularly well in carbon and sulfur isotopes. The first of these low-latitude glaciations in the early Paleoproterozoic (the Makganyene in South Africa) is also associated intimately with the first solid evidence of global oxygenation, including deposition of the world's largest sedimentary manganese deposit; this hints that the evolution of oxygenic photosynthesis triggered the event by destroying a methane greenhouse.

    The subsequent low-latitude glaciations during the Cryogenian period of the Neoproterozoic happened about the time that the animal phyla were diversifying, which also suggests organisms were either involved or affected. However, this biological role is complicated by the recognition that large and rapid events of True Polar Wander punctuated Neoproterozoic time, and may have extended sporadically even into the Cretaceous.

    For more information and participation instructions: http://nai.arc.nasa.gov/seminars/seminar_detail.cfm?ID=104 [Source: NAI Newsletter]

    May 23, 2007

    Astrobiology News 23 May 2007

  • A Planetary System Around HD 155358: The Lowest Metallicity Planet Host Star, arXiv.org
  • N-body integrators for planets in binary star systems, arXiv.org
  • Gravitational instability in binary protoplanetary disks, arXiv.org
  • Probing the Impact of Stellar Duplicity on Planet Occurrence with Spectroscopic and Imaging Observations, arXiv.org
  • Study of grain compositions in comet Levy 1990XX, arXiv.org
  • The SARG Planet Search, arXiv.org
  • May 22, 2007

    Astrobiology News 22 May 2007

  • The Dust and Gas Around beta Pictoris, arXiv.org
  • Spatial separation of small and large grains in the transitional disk around the young star IRS 48, arXiv.org
  • May 19, 2007

    Astrobiology News 19 May 2007

  • Cassini spacecraft reveals evidence of tholin formation at high altitudes in Titan's atmosphere, Southwest Research Institute
  • NASA's Phoenix to Seek Organics in Mars' Ice to Unravel Red Planet's Mysteries, University of Arizona
  • May 18, 2007

    Astrobiology News 18 May 2007

  • Baby Stars Hatching in Orion's Head, NASA
  • The light curve of the companion to PSR B1957+20, arXiv.org
  • The CoRoT primary target HD 52265: models and seismic tests, arXiv.org
  • Analysis of Spitzer Mid Infrared Spectra of Irradiated Planets: Evidence for Water Vapor?, arXiv.org
  • May 16, 2007

    Astrobiology News 16 May 2007

  • Detection of transits of the nearby hot Neptune GJ 436 b, arXiv.org
  • Post-Oligarchic Evolution of Protoplanetary Embryos and the Stability of Planetary Systems, arXiv.org
  • May 15, 2007

    Astrobiology Volume 7, Number 2 Contents Online

  • Microbial Populations in Antarctic Permafrost: Biodiversity, State, Age, and Implication for Astrobiology
  • Microbial Diversity of Indian Ocean Hydrothermal Vent Plumes: Microbes Tolerant of Desiccation, Peroxide Exposure, and Ultraviolet and gamma-Irradiation
  • Chemotrophic Filamentous Microfossils from the Hollard Mound (Devonian, Morocco) as Investigated by Focused Ion Beam
  • Observations from a 4-Year Contamination Study of a Sample Depth Profile Through Martian Meteorite Nakhla
  • Carbonaceous Cherts in the Barberton Greenstone Belt and Their Significance for the Study of Early Life in the Archean Record
  • The Potential for Lithoautotrophic Life on Mars: Application to Shallow Interfacial Water Environments
  • Nitrogen Fixation on Early Mars and Other Terrestrial Planets: Experimental Demonstration of Abiotic Fixation Reactions to Nitrite and Nitrate
  • Rainbows, Polarization, and the Search for Habitable Planets
  • Chiral Symmetry Breaking and Complete Chiral Purity by Thermodynamic-Kinetic Feedback Near Equilibrium: Implications for the Origin of Biochirality
  • Astrobiology News 15 May 2007

  • NASA-funded Robotic Sub Makes Final Dive To Reach Bottom of Earth's Deepest Sinkhole, University of Texas-Austin
  • Cracks on Enceladus Open and Close under Saturn's Pull, NASA
  • TrES-3: A Nearby, Massive, Transiting Hot Jupiter in a 31-Hour Orbit, arXiv.org
  • The Mass of the Candidate Exoplanet Companion to HD 33636 from Hubble Space Telescope Astrometry and High-Precision Radial Velocities, arXiv.org
  • A dynamical analysis of the 14 Her planetary system, arXiv.org
  • Leading Medical Institutes to Develop Collaborative Space Medicine Program, Wyle Laboratories
  • May 14, 2007

    Astrobiology News 14 May 2007

  • Mexican Sinkhole May Lead NASA to Jupiter, Washington Post
  • WASP-1: A lithium- and metal-rich star with an oversized planet, arXiv.org
  • Composite Interstellar Grains, arXiv.org
  • May 9, 2007

    Astrobiology News 9 May 2007

  • The effect of magnetic fields on the formation of circumstellar discs around young stars, arXiv.org
  • Determination of the size, mass, and density of "exomoons" from photometric transit timing variations, arXiv.org
  • NASA Selects New Members of Astrobiology Institute
  • Extreme Winds Rule Exoplanet's Weather, University of Arizona
  • NASA Finds Extremely Hot Planet, Makes First Exoplanet Weather Map, NASA
  • First Map of an Extrasolar Planet, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
  • NAI Expands Membership

    NASA Selects New Members of Astrobiology Institute

    "NASA is awarding five-year grants to four research teams that will become new members of the NASA Astrobiology Institute (NAI). The new multidisciplinary teams are led by the University of Wisconsin, Madison; the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; Montana State University, Bozeman; and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge. For the first 18 months of research, teams will receive $350,000 in funding. The five-year average grant size is approximately $7 million per team."

    May 8, 2007

    Astrobiology News 8 May 2007

  • Extrasolar planet taxonomy: a new statistical approach, arXiv.org
  • The unusual hydrocarbon emission from the early carbon star HD 100764: The connection between aromatics and aliphatics, arXiv.org
  • May 7, 2007

    Astrobiology News 7 May 2007

  • Hydrocarbon anions in interstellar clouds and circumstellar envelopes, arXiv.org
  • May 4, 2007

    Astrobiology News 4 May 2007

  • SDSSJ104341.53+085558.2: The second white dwarf with a gaseous planetary debris disc, arXiv.org
  • Using Transit Timing Observations to Search for Trojans of Transiting Extrasolar Planets, arXiv.org
  • Pyroclastic Activity at Home Plate in Gusev Crater, Mars, Science
  • COROT discovers its first exoplanet, and catches scientists by surprise
  • NASA's Mars Rover Finds Evidence of Ancient Volcanic Explosion
  • May 3, 2007

    Astrobiology News 3 May 2007

  • Near infrared spectroscopic search for the close orbiting planet HD 75289b, arXiv.org
  • Transit and secondary eclipse photometry in the near-infrared, arXiv.org
  • May 2, 2007

    Astrobiology News 2 May 2007

  • Photolytically generated aerosols in the mesosphere and thermosphere of Titan, arXiv.org
  • HAT-P-2b: A Super-Massive Planet in an Eccentric Orbit Transiting a Bright Star, arXiv.org
  • On constraining a transiting exoplanet's rotation rate with its transit spectrum, arXiv.org
  • Infrared spectroscopy of HCOOH in interstellar ice analogues, arXiv.org
  • Astronomers Find Supermassive Planet, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
  • UV laser, diamond can generate pressures close to those in cores of supergiant planets, University of California Berkeley
  • May 1, 2007

    Astrobiology News 1 May 2007

  • The HARPS search for southern extra-solar planets XI. Super-Earths (5 & 8 M_Earth) in a 3-planet system, arXiv.org
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