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January 29, 2007

NAI Principal Investigator Named in Mars Scout Selections

Bruce Jakosky, PI of NAI's University of Colorado, Boulder Team, has been selected to develop his Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution, or MAVEN, mission proposal. His was one of just two proposals selected for future robotic missions to Mars.

Dr. Jakosky and his team will receive initial funding of approximately $2 million to conduct a nine-month implementation feasibility study. Following these detailed mission concept studies, NASA intends to select one of the two proposals by late 2007 for full development as a Mars Scout mission. MAVEN would provide first-of-its-kind measurements and address key questions about Mars climate and habitability and improve our understanding of dynamic processes in the upper Martian atmosphere and ionosphere. Congratulations Bruce!

Four of the five selected investigators in this competition have been or are currently supported by the Astrobiology program, including the following program elements: NAI, ASTEP, ASTID, and the former NSCORT program in Exobiology. [Source NAI Newsletter]

Message from the NAI Director: Wendy Dolci Selected as NAI Associate Director for Operations

Please join me in welcoming Wendy Dolci back to the NAI as our Associate Director for Operations. From 2000-2004, Wendy served as the NAI Operations Manager and then Assistant Director, and played a lead role, during the Institute's formative years, in developing its processes and working methods as a virtual organization. She is very happy to be working once again with the NAI science community and the NAI Central team at Ames.

In her new role, Wendy is responsible for the breadth of NAI operations, including oversight and management of NAI Central projects and staff assignments, NAI events, information technology, the NAI website, and NAI Central contract tasks. She will also be supporting our strategic communications. Wendy's office is at Ames Research Center Bldg. 240, Room 105. Her email address is Wendy.W.Dolci@nasa.gov, and her phone number is 650-604-6358. [Source NAI Newsletter]

Call for Interest: NASA Student Collaboration Program Definition Team

The NASA Science Mission Directorate (SMD) first introduced the concept of Student Collaboration (SC) investigations in the Announcement of Opportunity (AO) for the Discovery Program 2006 (NNH06ZDA001O). The SC investigations might involve development of an instrument, investigation of scientific questions, analysis and display of data, development of supporting hardware or software, and/or other aspects of the mission. These activities might also involve flight, suborbital, or ground systems.

Based on the wide interest in this initiative and related inquiries, the SMD will form a Student Collaboration Program Definition Team of 8-10 members. One of the selected committee members will be appointed as the Chair. The SC Program Definition Team will be charged to develop a white paper capturing best practices in project-based learning exemplifying the nature of NASA's scientific exploration, explore additional learning opportunities of a similar character that is not part of a flight mission, and provide opportunities for community input, including conducting an open workshop. The SMD will publish the final report for wide distribution.

The approximate schedule is for the white paper to be available to the community by June 2007 and the workshop to take place by early fall. The final report is expected shortly after the workshop. The exact schedule will be determined once the Program Committee is convened, in consultation with SMD.

NASA is requesting letters of interest in participating in the SC Program Definition Team from individuals with knowledge about engineering pedagogy and understanding of scientific return in SMD. To indicate your interest, please send an email to Dr. Ming-Ying Wei (Ming-Ying.Wei-1@nasa.gov) with a statement of the expertise and ideas that you would bring to the effort (2 page limit) and a CV (another 2 page limit). The Program Definition Team members will be required to participate in regular telecons, including the kick-off in February. Some travel may be required, but will be limited. Funding for travel, per diem, and other expenses is available.

Letters of interest are due no later than February 2, 2007.

For further information, please contact Dr. Ming-Ying Wei, Education and Public Outreach Lead, Science Mission Directorate, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, DC 20546-0001; Telephone: (202) 358-0771; E-mail: Ming-Ying.Wei-1@nasa.gov.

[Source NAI Newsletter]

January 28, 2007

Astrobiology News 28 January 2007

  • The N2K Consortium. VII. Atmospheric Parameters of 1907 Metal-Rich Stars: Finding Planet-Search Targets, arXiv.org
  • Iorio's "high-precision measurement" of frame-dragging with the Mars Global Surveyor, arXiv.org
  • The Formation of Ice Giants in a Packed Oligarchy: Instability and Aftermath, arXiv.org
  • Spectral types of planetary host star candidates from OGLE III, arXiv.org
  • January 27, 2007

    Astrobiology News 27 January 2007

  • NASA Spaceline 26 January 2007 Current Space Life Science Awareness
  • Radio Wavelength Observatories within the Exploration Architecture, arXiv.org
  • January 22, 2007

    Astrobiology News 22 January 2007

  • Could we identify hot Ocean-Planets with CoRoT, Kepler and Doppler velocimetry?, arXiv.org
  • Properties of the short period CoRoT-planet population II: The impact of loss processes on planet masses from Neptunes to Jupiters
  • HD 97048's Circumstellar Environment as Revealed by a HST/ACS Coronagraphic Study of Disk Candidate Stars
  • January 19, 2007

    Astrobiology News 19 January 2007

  • NASA Spaceline 19 January 2007 Current Space Life Science Awareness
  • The Feasibility of Shading the Greenhouse with Dust Clouds at the Stable Lunar Lagrange Points
  • The Formation of Low-Mass-Protostars and Proto-Brown Dwarfs
  • Planets of Beta Pictoris revisited
  • Models of the Collisional Damping Scenario for Ice Giant Planets and Kuiper Belt Formation

  • January 18, 2007

    Snowball Earth and the Origin of Photosynthesis

    Using atmospheric chemical models of a Snowball Earth, scientists from NAI's Alumni Virtual Planetary Laboratory Team show that, during long and severe glacial intervals, a weak hydrological cycle coupled with photochemical reactions involving water vapor would give rise to the sustained production of hydrogen peroxide. The peroxide, upon release from melting ice into the oceans and atmosphere at the end of the snowball event, could mediate global oxidation events. Their results are published in the December 12th issue of PNAS. [Source: NAI Newsletter]

    Production of hydrogen peroxide in the atmosphere of a Snowball Earth and the origin of oxygenic photosynthesis, PNAS

    Abstract: During Proterozoic time, Earth experienced two intervals with one or more episodes of low-latitude glaciation, which are probable "Snowball Earth" events. Although the severity of the historical glaciations is debated, theoretical "hard Snowball" conditions are associated with the nearly complete shutdown of the hydrological cycle. We show here that, during such long and severe glacial intervals, a weak hydrological cycle coupled with photochemical reactions involving water vapor would give rise to the sustained production of hydrogen peroxide. The photochemical production of hydrogen peroxide has been proposed previously as the primary mechanism for oxidizing the surface of Mars. During a Snowball, hydrogen peroxide could be stored in the ice; it would then be released directly into the ocean and the atmosphere upon melting and could mediate global oxidation events in the aftermath of the Snowball, such as that recorded in the Fe and Mn oxides of the Kalahari Manganese Field, deposited after the Paleoproterozoic low-latitude Makganyene glaciation. Low levels of peroxides and molecular oxygen generated during Archean and earliest Proterozoic non-Snowball glacial intervals could have driven the evolution of oxygen-mediating and -using enzymes and thereby paved the way for the eventual appearance of oxygenic photosynthesis.

    NAI Director's Seminar 1/29: Long-Term Sustainability of a High-Energy,

    Speakers: Lisa Pratt (Indiana University) and T.C. Onstott (Princeton University)

    Date/Time: Monday, January 29, 2007 11AM PST

    Abstract: Geochemical, microbiological, and molecular analyses of alkaline saline groundwater at 2.8 kilometers depth in Archaean metabasalt revealed a microbial biome dominated by a single phylotype affiliated with thermophilic sulfate reducers belonging to Firmicutes. These sulfate reducers were sustained by geologically produced sulfate and hydrogen at concentrations sufficient to maintain activities for millions of years with no apparent reliance on photosynthetically derived substrates. For more information and participation instructions, visit: http://nai.arc.nasa.gov/seminars/seminar_detail.cfm?ID=96 [Source: NAI Newsletter]

    Astrobiology News 18 January 2007

  • Astrobiology Fights for Its Life
  • Astrobiology: It Rains in Spain and Wilts in Australia
  • Pete Worden 'Ames' for the Moon and Beyond, Science
  • Astrobiology: Robot Seeks New Life--and New Funding--in the Abyss of Zacatón
  • Lecture notes on the formation and early evolution of planetary systems, arXiv.org
  • January 17, 2007

    Astrobiology News 17 January 2007

  • Overcoming migration during giant planet formation, arXiv.org
  • January 16, 2007

    Found: A Hyperthermophilic Nitrogen Fixer

    Researchers from NAI's Carnegie Institution of Washington Team have published in Science their findings of a novel archaeon who's ability to fix nitrogen at 92 degrees Celcius has officially increased the upper limit of biological nitrogen fixation by 28 degrees Celcius. The hyperthermophilic methanogen was isolated from a hydrothermal vent. Thier findings could reveal a broader range of conditions for life in the subseafloor biosphere. [Source: NAI Newsletter]

    Science Mission Directorate Space Missions Briefing: Presentations and Podcasts Available

    Presentations were given by videoconference and WebEx to the teams of the NASA Astrobiology Institute (NAI) on December 1, 2006. The presenters were senior officials of the Science Mission Directorate (SMD) at NASA Headquarters.

    The briefings cover the SMD Science Plan and the programs, particularly the flight programs, of the Planetary Science, Astrophysics, and Earth Science Divisions. Because of its scope and importance to astrobiology, a special presentation on the Mars Exploration Program was given as part of the Planetary Science Division programs.

    Download the slides or view the podcasts here: http://nai.arc.nasa.gov/smdbriefing/ [Source: NAI Newsletter]

    Astrobiology News 16 January 2007

  • NASA GeneSat Shows Small Satellites Can Deliver Big Science, NASA
  • Probing the structure of protoplanetary disks: a comparative study of DM Tau, LkCa 15 and MWC 480, arXiv.org

  • January 15, 2007

    2007 REU (Research Experiences for Undergraduates) Accepting Applications

    The SETI Institute is pleased to announce that applications are now open for the 2007 REU (Research Experiences for Undergraduates) program in Astrobiology. Undergraduate students in fields such as astronomy, biology, geology, and physics are invited to apply to spend 10 weeks in the San Francisco Bay area working on a scientific research project in the field of astrobiology. Students receive a stipend, travel, and living expenses. Applications are due by February 2, 2007.

    For more information, visit http://www.seti.org/reu or contact Cynthia Phillips, phillips@seti.org, 650-810-0230.

    A program poster can be downloaded from: http://www.seti.org/reuposter [Source: NAI Newsletter]

    Recently Published Research from the NAI

    The following new papers have been published recently by NAI members. These and other recent NAI funded research are presented on the NAI member portal and collected in the NAI Research Highlights Archive – http://nai.arc.nasa.gov/research/.

    In this archive, you can link to the papers and any press materials that may have been generated about them.

    If you have an upcoming or recent publication, please tell us about it as soon as possible. We will work with your institution to produce press releases, publicize the paper on the NAI website, and pre-populate your team's annual report with your publication. Please send any information to Daniella Scalice dscalice@mail.arc.nasa.gov [Source: NAI Newsletter]

    January 14, 2007

    Astrobiology News 15 January 2007

  • Spectral signatures of photosynthesis I: Review of Earth organisms, arXiv.org
  • Spectral signatures of photosynthesis II: coevolution with other stars and the atmosphere on extrasolar worlds, arXiv.org
  • Millimagnitude Photometry for Transiting Extrasolar Planetary Candidates III: Accurate Radius and Period for OGLE-TR-111-b, arXiv.org
  • Cold CO Gas in Protoplanetary Disks, arXiv.org
  • Formation of Cosmic Dust Bunnies, arXiv.org
  • Stardust Sample Analysis

    A special issue of Science (Dec 15) includes several papers reporting on various aspects of Stardust sample analysis including an organics survey, isotopic and elemental compositions, mineralogy and petrology, and infrared spectroscopy. Many NAI researchers contributed to this comprehensive analytical campaign, including members of NAI's Teams at the Carnegie Institution of Washington, NASA's Ames Research Center and Goddard Space Flight Center, and NAI's Alumni Team at the University of Washington. [Source: NAI Newsletter]

    Low Abundance Acidophilic Archea Revealed

    Scientists from NAI's University of California, Berkeley Team report in Science on their use of shotgun sequencing to uncover three novel archea present in all biofilms growing in pH 0.5 to 1.5 solutions within the Richmond Mine, California. Their results inform the problem of characterizing microbial communities and lineages which are difficult to cultivate. [Source: NAI Newsletter]

    January 12, 2007

    Astrobiology News 12 January 2007

  • Spectral signatures of photosynthesis II: coevolution with other stars and the atmosphere on extrasolar worlds, arXiv.org
  • Spectral signatures of photosynthesis I: Review of Earth organisms, arXiv.org
  • NASA Spaceline 12 January 2007 Current Space Life Science Awareness, NASA
  • NASA Funds Scripps Instrument For Probing For Life on Mars
  • A Proteomic Snapshot of Life at a Vent, Science
  • Risks due to X-ray Flares during Astronaut Extravehicular Activity, arXiv.org
  • Silicate Dust in Evolved Protoplanetary Disks: Growth, Sedimentation, and Accretion, arXiv.org
  • UV habitable zones around M stars
  • On the maximum value of the cosmic abundance of oxygen and the oxygen yield, arXiv.org
  • Millimagnitude Photometry for Transiting Extrasolar Planetary Candidates: II. Transits of OGLE-TR-113-b in the Optical and Near-IR, arXiv.org
  • January 11, 2007

    Astrobiology News 11 January 2007

  • Terrestrial Planet Formation Around Individual Stars Within Binary Star Systems, arXiv.org
  • Tidal Barrier and the Asymptotic Mass of Proto Gas-Giant Planets, arXiv.org
  • Planets of young stars, arXiv.org
  • January 10, 2007

    Astrobiology News 10 January 2007

  • On-line database of the spectral properties of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, arXiv.org
  • On the circum(sub)stellar environment of brown dwarfs in Taurus, arXiv.org
  • H 21cm emission as a tracer of gas during the evolution from protoplanetary to debris disks, arXiv.org
  • Exploring the Galaxy using space probes, arXiv.org
  • January 8, 2007

    Astrobiology News 8 January 2007

  • NASA Astrobiology Institute Director's Corner 5 January 2007, NAI
  • New Analysis of Viking Mission Results Indicates Presence of Life on Mars, Washington State University
  • Early NASA probes may have overlooked, even killed, Martian microbes, scientist theorizes, AP

  • Gas giants jump into planet formation early, University of Arizona
  • NASA Selects Proposals for Future Mars Missions and Studies, NASA HQ
  • January 5, 2007

    Astrobiology News 5 January 2007

  • NASA Spaceline 5 January 2007 Current Space Life Science Awareness, NASA
  • Stanford assists NASA Ames in space biology mission
  • Chemistry of Volcanic Fallout Reveals Secrets of Past Eruptions, University of California San Diego
  • A bumpy shift from ice house to greenhouse, University of California-Davis

  • January 4, 2007

    Astrobiology News 4 January 2007

  • NASA Spaceline 15 December 2006 Current Space Life Science Awareness
  • Titan Has Liquid Lakes, Scientists Report in Nature, NASA
  • Formation of Earth-like Planets During and After Giant Planet Migration, arXiv.org
  • The Formation and Evolution of Planetary Systems: Placing Our Solar System in Context with Spitzer, arXiv.org
  • January 3, 2007

    Astrobiology News 3 January 2007

  • Mission Status Report: NASA Genesat-1 - 2 January 2007
  • NASA Spaceline 8 December 2006 Current Space Life Science Awareness
  • UA team plans a moon garden, Arizona Republic
  • Planetary science: Titan's lost seas found, Nature
  • Evolutionary biology: Oxygen at life's boundaries, Nature
  • Properties of the short period CoRoT-planet population I: Theoretical planetary mass spectra for a population of stars of 0.8 to 2 solar masses and orbital periods of less then 20 days, arXiv.org
  • Special Report: Alien Earth, Nature
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